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The Global Sweatshop |
The term "sweatshop" was used over 100 years ago to describe how owners of small garment factories were commissioned by big clothing companies to sweat as much labor out of workers as possible. Today, all kinds of firms are adopting structures similar to the "sweating system" of the garment industry. Auto companies, college campuses, banks and federal agencies are downsizing and replacing full-time workers with part-timers and temps, or using subcontractors. Those with full-time jobs are expected to do more work and put in more hours than ever. Others are trapped in part-time or temp work or unemployment.
Overwork and lack of employment are two aspects of the global sweatshop we are all living under.
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Overworked? You're Not Alone
- Between 1969 and 1987 the time an average person worked per year increased by 163 hours. That adds up to approximately an extra month of work a year.
- Rising work hours in the US are far outpacing hours in Japan, Germany, and Britain. Manufacturing workers in the U.S. put in 1,904 hours per year; Japan 1,888; Germany 1,639.
- In 1993, 30% of all workers worked more than 40 hours a week compared to 26.3% in 1979.
- In the 1980s the average amount of overtime in manufacturing ranged from 3.4 to 3.8 hours. By late 1994 it was 4.8 to 5.1 hours, the equivalent of 2.3 million 40-hours-a -week manufacturing jobs.
- 7.5 million people work 2 or 3 jobs just to get by.
- Today the average vacation for Americans is four days down from one week a decade ago.
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Long Hours Destroy People's Lives
- During the 1980s workers' compensation claims related to stress tripled.
- According to studies the majority of Americans are experiencing a "sleep-deficit," getting 60 to 90 minutes less sleep than we need to remain healthy.
- In 1992, about 6,500 Americans died and 13.2 million were hurt from work-related causes. The costs of these injuries and illnesses totaled $171 billion, far more than the cost of AIDS or Alzheimer's disease and at least as much as cancer or heart disease.
- According to many surveys, half of our population feels that it has too little time for family.
- 7 million children are left home while their parent's work.
- n 1965, 25% of Americans complained of feeling rushed. By 1991 33% felt rushed and 30% of all adults reported that they are under high stress nearly every day.
An Example: Chinatown, New York. Over 25,000 workers, mainly women, work 12-16 hours a day in garment factories, earning $1-3 an hour; 80-90% of them are in union shops. Over 15,000 restaurant workers also put in 70-100 hours a week for sub-minimum wages. Ten years ago most of these workers had a 40-hour workweek and earned a living wage. To find new ways to challenge the sweatshop Chinatown workers formed the Chinese Staff & Workers' Association, an independent workers' center.
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Can't Get A Stable Full-Time Job?
- In each year of the 1980s, about 2 million workers lost their jobs due to plant closings or permanent layoffs.
- 7.5 million workers are unemployed.
- 7.5 million workers have taken part-time jobs because they cannot find full-time work.
- 30 million to 37 million Americans are "contingent workers."
- Temp jobs have grown at a rate of 250% since 1982, while jobs overall have grown only 20%.
- 7,000 temp agencies now employ 1.9 million people each day.
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Lack of Employment Destroys People's Lives
- High unemployment disrupts families and leads to higher rates of robbery and murder, especially among youth.
- 47 percent of all part-time workers between the ages of 24 and 44 had no employer-provided health insurance in 1993.
- In 1995 only 36 percent of the unemployed received unemployment benefits.
- Recent welfare cuts mean the pool of those desperate for work is growing.
- The introduction of Workfare programs is driving down working conditions for millions of workers through substandard cheap labor competition.
An example: Loisida, New York. Just blocks away
from Chinatown, in the Latino community on the Lower East
Side of Manhattan, unemployment is a major problem. Latinos
make up nearly half (45.4%) of the total population on the
Lower East Side. Most Latinos in the area are Puerto Rican.
The unemployment among Latino residents is 17.6%. The average
per capita income for Latinos is $5,917 a year, putting 44%
of the area's Latino community below the poverty line.
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